Solar Panel systems work by converting the suns energy into electricity, which is stored in a battery or batteries. A regulator lies between the battery and the solar panel which protects the battery from over-charging. The regulator may also have discharging protection as draining the battery excessively will cause it long term damage. Energy can be taken out of the battery as required (12 or 24 Volts DC) using a transformer to convert to 220/240 V if required. Control systems may shut down power-draining equipment automatically to preserve the battery. Display units are available so that vital working of the solar panels and batteries can be monitored.
Electricity is produced from sunlight using what are known as photo-voltaic cells arranged within a solar panel. These cells are thin glass-like plates of silicon material that produce electricity between the front and back surface when sunlight falls on the front surface. The electricity is produced from the visible portion of sunlight, not the heat part. The more intense the light, the more electricity the solar panel produces. Even under cloudy conditions, solar panels produce electricity although in lesser quantities. The electricity that the solar panel produces is placed into storage batteries for later use.
There are three basic types of solar panels: mono crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous. All three types of solar panels are made up of an array of individual cells. A mono crystalline cell consists of a thin slice cut from a single crystal of silicon. Polycrystalline cells are sliced from a cast silicon block and have an appearance of shattered glass. Amorphous panels are made by placing a thin film of active silicon on a solid or flexible backing.
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